
The Mechanical Universe
Season 1
198552 episodes
Episodes
- E1
Introduction
1985-01-01
This preview introduces revolutionary ideas and heroes from Copernicus to Newton, and links the physics of the heavens and the earth.
- E2
The Law of Falling Bodies
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Galileo's imaginative experiments proved that all bodies fall with the same constant acceleration.
- E3
Derivatives
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The function of mathematics in physical science and the derivative as a practical tool.
- E4
Inertia
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Galileo risks his favored status to answer the questions of the universe with his law of inertia.
- E5
Vectors
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Physics must explain not only why and how much, but also where and which way.
- E6
Newton's Laws
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Newton lays down the laws of force, mass, and acceleration.
- E7
Integration
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Newton and Leibniz arrive at the conclusion that differentiation and integration are inverse processes.
- E8
The Apple and the Moon
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The first real steps toward space travel are made as Newton discovers that gravity describes the force between any two particles in the universe.
- E9
Moving in Circles
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A look at the Platonic theory of uniform circular motion.
- E10
Fundamental Forces
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All physical phenomena of nature are explained by four forces: two nuclear forces, gravity, and electricity.
- E11
Gravity, Electricity, Magnetism
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Shedding light on the mathematical form of the gravitational, electric, and magnetic forces.
- E12
The Millikan Experiment
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A dramatic recreation of Millikan's classic oil-drop experiment to determine the charge of a single electron.
- E13
Conservation of Energy
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According to one of the major laws of physics, energy is neither created nor destroyed.
- E14
Potential Energy
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Potential energy provides a powerful model for understanding why the world has worked the same way since the beginning of time.
- E15
Conservation of Momentum
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What keeps the universe ticking away until the end of time?
- E16
Harmonic Motion
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The music and mathematics of periodic motion.
- E17
Resonance
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Why a swaying bridge collapses with a high wind, and why a wine glass shatters with a higher octave.
- E18
Waves
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With an analysis of simple harmonic motion and a stroke of genius, Newton extended mechanics to the propagation of sound.
- E19
Angular Momentum
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An old momentum with a new twist.
- E20
Torques and Gyroscopes
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From spinning tops to the precession of the equinoxes.
- E21
Kepler's Three Laws
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The discovery of elliptical orbits helps describe the motion of heavenly bodies with unprecedented accuracy.
- E22
The Kepler Problem
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The deduction of Kepler's laws from Newton's universal law of gravitation is one of the crowning achievements of Western thought.
- E23
Energy and Eccentricity
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The precise orbit of a heavenly body — a planet, asteroid, or comet — is fixed by the laws of conservation of energy and angular momentum.
- E24
Navigating in Space
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Voyages to other planets use the same laws that guide planets around the solar system.
- E25
Kepler to Einstein
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From Kepler's laws and the theory of tides, to Einstein's general theory of relativity, into black holes, and beyond.
- E26
Harmony of the Spheres
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A last lingering look back at mechanics to see new connections between old discoveries.
- E27
Beyond the Mechanical Universe
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The world of electricity and magnetism, and 20th-century discoveries of relativity and quantum mechanics.
- E28
Static Electricity
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Eighteenth-century electricians knew how to spark the interest of an audience with the principles of static electricity.
- E29
The Electric Field
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Faraday's vision of lines of constant force in space laid the foundation for the modern force field theory.
- E30
Potential and Capacitance
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Franklin proposes a successful theory of the Leyden jar and invents the parallel plate capacitor.
- E31
Voltage, Energy, and Force
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When is electricity dangerous or benign, spectacular or useful?
- E32
The Electric Battery
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Volta invents the electric battery using the internal properties of different metals.
- E33
Electric Circuits
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The work of Wheatstone, Ohm, and Kirchhoff leads to the design and analysis of how current flows.
- E34
Magnetism
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Gilbert discovered that the earth behaves like a giant magnet. Modern scientists have learned even more.
- E35
The Magnetic Field
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The law of Biot and Sarvart, the force between electric currents, and Ampère's law.
- E36
Vector Fields and Hydrodynamics
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Force fields have definite properties of their own suitable for scientific study.
- E37
Electromagnetic Induction
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The discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831 creates an important technological breakthrough in the generation of electric power.
- E38
Alternating Current
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Electromagnetic induction makes it easy to generate alternating current while transformers make it practical to distribute it over long distances.
- E39
Maxwell's Equations
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Maxwell discovers that displacement current produces electromagnetic waves or light.
- E40
Optics
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Many properties of light are properties of waves, including reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
- E41
The Michelson-Morley Experiment
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In 1887, an exquisitely designed measurement of the earth's motion through the ether results in the most brilliant failure in scientific history.
- E42
The Lorentz Transformation
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If the speed of light is to be the same for all observers, then the length of a meter stick, or the rate of a ticking clock, depends on who measures it.
- E43
Velocity and Time
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Einstein is motivated to perfect the central ideas of physics, resulting in a new understanding of the meaning of space and time.
- E44
Mass, Momentum, Energy
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The new meaning of space and time make it necessary to formulate a new mechanics.
- E45
Temperature and Gas Laws
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Hot discoveries about the behavior of gases make the connection between temperature and heat.
- E46
Engine of Nature
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The Carnot engine, part one, beginning with simple steam engines.
- E47
Entropy
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The Carnot engine, part two, with profound implications for the behavior of matter and the flow of time through the universe.
- E48
Low Temperatures
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With the quest for low temperatures came the discovery that all elements can exist in each of the basic states of matter.
- E49
The Atom
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A history of the atom, from the ancient Greeks to the early 20th century, and a new challenge for the world of physics.
- E50
Particles and Waves
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Evidence that light can sometimes act like a particle leads to quantum mechanics, the new physics.
- E51
From Atoms to Quarks
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Electron waves attracted to the nucleus of an atom help account for the periodic table of the elements and ultimately lead to the search for quarks.
- E52
The Quantum Mechanical Universe
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A last look at where we've been and a peek into the future.
